Sem 03 / Form and Space Studies
Environment and Architecture
Dipti Bhaindarkar
In 2024, the Semester 3 course on "Environment and Architecture" looked closely at the intricate relationship between architecture and the diverse climatic zones across India. Recognizing the impact of climate on architectural design, the course aimed to explore passive strategies that enhance indoor comfort while responding to the unique environmental conditions of the Indian subcontinent.
One of the most challenging aspects of the course was addressing the Composite climatic zone. Unlike the more uniform conditions found in Warm and Humid or Hot and Dry zones, the Composite zone presents a dynamic mix of all climatic conditions throughout the year—heat, cold, humidity, and rain. This variability demanded a nuanced approach, drawing on prevalent local architectural knowledge that has withstood the test of time. Students were guided to investigate and understand how prevalent local architecture, with its locally sourced materials and time-tested techniques, has historically managed these climatic challenges.
The course placed a particular emphasis on the load-bearing construction systems, where stone or brick walls paired with RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) or timber spans form the structural backbone.
One of the most challenging aspects of the course was addressing the Composite climatic zone. Unlike the more uniform conditions found in Warm and Humid or Hot and Dry zones, the Composite zone presents a dynamic mix of all climatic conditions throughout the year—heat, cold, humidity, and rain. This variability demanded a nuanced approach, drawing on prevalent local architectural knowledge that has withstood the test of time. Students were guided to investigate and understand how prevalent local architecture, with its locally sourced materials and time-tested techniques, has historically managed these climatic challenges.
The course placed a particular emphasis on the load-bearing construction systems, where stone or brick walls paired with RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) or timber spans form the structural backbone.
This focus was driven by two key considerations: the modest height of the buildings, capped at 9-12 meters, and the intent to simplify construction processes by avoiding the complexities of RCC frame structures. An important area of exploration was the search for a contemporary architectural language that could respond to these climatic challenges while reflecting newer needs and sensibilities.
This involved a close examination of how construction technology can be harnessed to create openings—windows, doors, and other apertures—that do more than merely puncture walls. Instead, these openings were treated as vital elements that interact with light and wind, influencing the way spaces are used and experienced. The students evaluated their designs for solar ingress within their spaces using a helidon. The choice of material technology and hence embodied energy was further compared across each design response.
Through this rigorous exploration, students were not only equipped with the knowledge to design buildings that are in harmony with their environment but also encouraged to think critically about the experiential and behavioral implications of their designs. The "Environment and Architecture" course thus provided a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing the complex interplay between climate, culture, and architecture, preparing students to create built environments that are sustainable, resilient, and deeply connected to their local contexts. At the end of the course, the students put together a Manual for Passive Architecture in India, which can be accessed here.
Through this rigorous exploration, students were not only equipped with the knowledge to design buildings that are in harmony with their environment but also encouraged to think critically about the experiential and behavioral implications of their designs. The "Environment and Architecture" course thus provided a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing the complex interplay between climate, culture, and architecture, preparing students to create built environments that are sustainable, resilient, and deeply connected to their local contexts. At the end of the course, the students put together a Manual for Passive Architecture in India, which can be accessed here.